Some protozoa live as unwanted guests or parasites within the body of other animals. The protozoa are considered to be a subkingdom of the kingdom protista, although in the classical system they were placed in the kingdom animalia. They do not photosynthesize, rather being chemoheterotrophic like animals. The cilia, or compound ciliary structures, serve as organelles of locomotion or feeding or both. Phylum sub phylum genus examples species examples protozoa sarcomastigophora further divided into sarcodina move by pseudopodia entamoeba e.
Protozoa definition, characteristics, classification, examples. The protozoa group comprises more than 65,000 species. Body is covered with a pellicle which provides a definite. Protozoa are a diverse group of organisms that are nonphototrophic, unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms with no cell walls. Protozoa definition, characteristics, classification. Classification of phylum protozoa phylum protozoa is a large and varied group and possess a complication in its classification. The kingdom protista includes an incredible diversity of different types of organisms, including algae, protozoans, and slime molds. Revision notes on phylum protozoa and porifera askiitians. First semester phylum protozoa unicellular and most primitive animals 1. Whole parasitology covers mainly parasites, host and its association between them. A list of this type may be arranged alphabetically. These two subphyla are further divided into 5 classes. No one even knows how many species there are, though estimates range between 65,000 to 200,000. Protozoa are eukaryotic, unicellular microorganisms, which lack cell wall.
On the basis of locomotory organelles, phylum protozoa has been divided into the following four classes. The characteristics of phylum sarcomastigophora are. The protozoa are then placed into various groups primarily on the basis of how they move. These are aquatic, microscopic, unicellular organisms. There are about 50,000 known species of phylum protozoa.
Basic enzymes systems support all types of nutrition. Phylogeny and classification of phylum cercozoa protozoa. All protozoal species are assigned to the kingdom protista in the whittaker classification. Sarcodines amoeboids the amoeboids and are found in the phylum rhizopoda. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pdf a new revised classification of the protozoa researchgate. Class calcarea exclusively marine, calcareous sponges predominantly inhabit shallow tropical waters.
Chapter 208 classification and nomenclature of human. The following classification recommended by the society of protozoologists levine et. Phylum protozoa, general characteristics and classification, zoology assignment help, coursework writing assignment help, homework help and instant project assistance from live zoology experts. Subphylum plasmodroma the locomotory organelles are pseudopodia and flagella nucleus is single or many. Taxonomy and systematics of major groups of the protozoa, an assemblage of socalled lower eukaryotes, refer basically to the classification of such groups, that is, their arrangement into a hierarchy of evolutionary interrelated groups taxa of scientifically named phyla, classes, orders, etc. All the protozoan species belong to the kingdom protista. List of animal phyla is a list of the major groups of animals usually classified as a phylum. The groups are called phyla singular, phylum by some microbiologists, and classes by others.
Some of the members reproduce by asexual mode, some by sexual means, and some by both. The classification of protozoa and other microorganisms above the organizational level of the bacteria has. They are believed to be a part of the microbial world as they are unicellular and microscopic. There are two common genera which live in the intestine of man and other animals. One or more flalgella usually present for locomotion or food capturing or attachment or protection. When cells divide, each daughter cell forms a new valve to fit inside the old one, so some cells are smaller.
The major distinguishing characteristics of protozoa are given below. Protozoa are singlecelled organisms without cell walls. In general, protozoa have different stages in their lifecycles. Unicellular or acellular microscopic organisms possessing typical cell. The fossil record in the form of shells in sedimentary rocks shows that protozoa were present in the pre. There are 4 learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. They are often small and delicate, with thin coalescent. Definition, characteristics, classification and types of protozoa. The book includes new data on the ultrastructure of the somatic cortex of each class, molecular phylogenetics, ecology, and on other important aspects of ciliate biology. The major classification and characteristics of protozoa. Sc students of course i semester i, belonging to mumbai university of maharashtra india. More than 50,000 species have been described, most of which are freeliving organisms.
A new revised classification of the protozoa article pdf available in the journal of protozoology 271. The phylum protozoa has been divided into four classes. These are the most primitive organisms protos first. List of animal phyla simple english wikipedia, the free. It gets its name from the combination of sarcodina which is an older term used for amoeboids and mastigophora which is an older term for flagellates. As the primary hunters of the microbial world, protozoa help in. Kingdom chromista, slimenets labyrinthomorpha and opalina opalinata have been brought under this new kingdom.
Seven phyla of protozoa are accepted in this classification sarcomastigophora, labyrinthomorpha, apicomplexa. Two species of entamoeba cause serious dysentery in man and in reptiles. The animals included in phylum protozoa can be defined as microscopic and acellular animalcules without tissues and organs. Detailed lecture of protozoans and its types with examples. The classes of protozoa are categorized by a variety of factors. Protozoa causing diseases are called pathogenic protozoa. Members of the four major groups are illustrated in figure 1. Honigberg system of classification of protozoa by honigberg et al. Phylum subphylum genus examples species examples protozoa sarcomastigophora further divided into sarcodina move by pseudopodia entamoeba e. This phylum has a number of problems in its classification. A newly revised classification of the protozoa article pdf available in journal of eukaryotic microbiology 271.
As per one of the classification given out by hyman, hickman and storer, this phylum is divided into two subphyla on the basis of organs of locomotion. Motile unicellular eukaryotes protozoa phylum sarcomastigophora phylum sarcomastigophora is an umbrella term for protozoans that move either by one or more flagella subphylum mastigophora or flagellata the flagellates or by pseudopods subphylum sarcodina the amoeboids. Phylum protozoa is classified into four classes on the basis of locomotary organs. An expert committee of the society of protozoologists proposed a scheme of classification of the protozoa in 1980. Classification and nomenclature of human parasites. Introduction and classification of parasites is an very important and basic topic of parasitology. In it they were considered a phylum and were divided into 2 subphyla, plasmodroma con taining the classes mastigophora, sarcodina, and sporozoa and ciliophora.
Although common names frequently are used to describe parasitic organisms, these names may represent different. As per twokingdom classification, protozoa was treated as a phylum under animal. There is a great deal to know about their classification, characteristics and more. They are known as acellular or noncellular organism. Protozoa forms a heterogeneous group,the members display an extreme diversity of structure,different types of symmetryand adaptations to various environments. Protozoa also protozoan, plural protozoans is an informal term for singlecelled eukaryotes, either freeliving or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris. General characteristics and classification of phylum protozoa. Historically, the protozoa were regarded as onecelled animals, because they often possess animallike behaviors, such as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall, as found. Protozoa reproduce by the method of binary fission or multiple fission. Protozoa classification zoology for ias, ifos and other. T ventional schemes of classification of the groups comprising the phylum protozoa has long been recog nized by many protozoologists. These new data are used, along with a novel conceptual approach, to rationalize a new system of classification for the phylum, presented in a major chapter on the ciliate taxa. The conventional scheme followed by hyman 1940, hickman 1961 and storer 1965, etc. When ciliated protozoa are to be identified, the following points should be remembered.
These are sarcomastigophora, labryinthomorpha, apicomplexa, microspora, myxozoa and ciliophora. The proposed classification recognized protozoa as a subkingdom of the kingdom protista and classified protozoa into six phyla. Protozoa the protozoa are contained within the kingdom protista along with the unicellular algae. The classical taxonomic scheme of the protozoa was devel oped about the turn of the century.